¿Has notado un pequeño bulto en tu encía? Puede tratarse de una fístula dental.
Esta es un mecanismo que acciona nuestro cuerpo para facilitar la salida de pus generada por una infección en nuestra boca. En esta hinchazón podrás percibir un diminuto punto de apertura por el que será expulsada dicha pus (un líquido de tonos blanquecinos o amarillos).
¿Por qué se generan?
Como hemos adelantado anteriormente, es una infección la que lo causa. Una fístula es la expresión visible, la señal, que nos indica que algo no va bien en nuestra boca, pues existe una infección en la encía.
Existen diversas causas por las que se haya podido generar:
- Caries: si está ya avanzada, habrá afectado a la raíz de la pieza dental, creando una infección en esta. En esta ocasión, la fístula usualmente aparecerá en una zona de la encía próxima al diente afectado.
- Endodoncia imperfecta: lamentablemente, una endodoncia puede ejecutarse incorrectamente o surgir complicaciones, y dar lugar a una infección.
- Periodontitis: las enfermedades relacionadas con las encías que se encuentran en estado avanzado pueden generar procesos infecciosos en el área. Por ello, el desarrollo de fistulas en la encía es frecuente.
- Muelas del juicio: estos temidos molares suelen ocasionar problemas de espacio, mal disposición, desplazamiento de otros dientes, … Todo ello puede desencadenar un problema en su erupción y generar así una infección, por lo que será posible que se manifieste como fístula.
- Traumatismo: las caídas y los golpes accidentales pueden repercutir en la boca, provocando traumatismos e infecciones posteriormente. Estas también “saldrán a la luz” mediante una fístula en la encía.
¿Cuál es el tratamiento para una fístula dental?
Resulta clave conocer el origen de la infección y aplicar un tratamiento adecuado para eliminarla.
Sin embargo, antes de proceder a tratar la causa que provoca la infección, será necesario frenarla. Habitualmente, el odontólogo recomendará la administración de antibióticos.
Tras mejorar el proceso infeccioso y reducir el tamaño de la fístula, se realizará el tratamiento acorde al tipo de problema que la causó: empastar una caries, efectuar una endodoncia, extraer una muela del juicio, etc.
Recuerda, acude al menos una vez al año a tu dentista para evitar futuras patologías. Tu salud bucodental te lo agradecerá.
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